Skip to main content

What is a Stream?


A stream is a sequence of characters. More exactly, it is a sequence of bytes of data. A sequence of bytes flowing into a program is an input stream; a sequence of bytes flowing out of a program is an output stream. By focusing on streams, we don’t have to worry as much about where they’re going or where they originated.

The major advantage of streams, therefore, is that input/output programming is device independent. Programmers don’t need to write special input/output functions for each device (keyboard, disk, and so on). The program sees input/output as a continuous stream of bytes no matter where the input is coming from or going to.

Every C stream is connected to a file. In this context, the term file doesn’t refer to a disk file. Rather, it is an intermediate step between the stream that the program deals with and the actual physical device being used for input or output. For the most part, the beginning C programmer doesn’t need to be concerned with these files, because the details of interactions between streams, files, and devices are taken care of automatically by the C library functions and the operating system.


Posted By:-Cplusplusprogramming

Labels

Labels:

Popular posts from this blog

What is iostream.h in C++ Programing Language ?

In C++ programing language, all header files end with .H extension. In standard C++, all devices are accessed and used as a file.  One such header file is iostream.h in C++ programming language. In this, all input and output devices are treated as files.  Let's quickly look at what are the input and output devices mean in C++ program.  Standard Input Device - Keyboard  Standard Output Device   - Monitor  Standard Error Device - Screen or monitor In C++, input and output are not defined within, and are implemented with the help of a component of the C++ standard library which is I/O library.  A file is read simply as a stream of bytes at the lowest level. But at a user level, a file consists of possibly mixed data types which can be characters, arithmetic values class, objects etc.  What are the predefined streams in I/O Library? As discussed above there are input, output and error library in c++, they have some predefined streams objects as well w...
Read more

C++ Program to find the sum, difference, product and quotient of two integers

#include <iostream.h> #include <conio.h> void main() {   clrscr();   int x = 10;   int y = 2;   int sum, difference, product, quotient;   sum = x + y;   difference = x - y;   product = x * y;   quotient = x / y;   cout << "The sum of " << x << " & " << y << " is " << sum << "." << endl;   cout << "The difference of " << x << " & " << "y <<  is " << difference << "." << endl;   cout << "The product of " << x << " & " << y << " is " << product << "." << endl;   cout << "The quotient of " << x << " & " << y << " is " << quotient << "." << endl;   getch(); }
Read more

What is Dynamic Memory Allocation in C++ Program

In the computer world, anything that is processed be it an instruction or any data first needs to be loaded and located in internal memory.  In C++ programs also any data that is processed while executing the program is held in the internal memory.  What is Dynamic Memory Allocation? Dynamic Memory allocation means that the memory that will be used during the program is not known beforehand and is allocated dynamically and on the go. It is allocated during the runtime as and when required by the program. In C++ there are two operators used in dynamic memory allocation  1. New  2. Delete New operator in dynamic memory allocation The new operator in C++ is used to create objects of all types. The new operator will allocate memory of the size of the data type specified in the program.  For Example iptr = new int ;  Storing initial values will allocate needed amount of memory from the free store to hold the value of the specified data-type and store the startin...
Read more